پاورپوینت Plant Biotechnology (pptx) 14 اسلاید
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نوع فایل : PowerPoint (.pptx) ( قابل ویرایش و آماده پرینت )
تعداد اسلاید: 14 اسلاید
قسمتی از متن PowerPoint (.pptx) :
Plant
Biotechnology
:
-
why
and
how
...
Hélia Sales
“Plants for Life” International
PhD
Program
– 2016
(course “Plant
Biotechnology for Sustainability and Global
Economy”)
Biotechnology
–
what
is
it
?
All
the
techniques
that
can
be
used
to
genetically
improve
and
/
or
exploit
living
systems
for
the
benefit
of
humanity
Biotechnology
–
is
it
something
new
?
In
prehistoric
times some
microorganisms
were
already
used
for processes
like
fermentation
:
Wine
Beer
Cheese
Current
biotechnology
Based on a better knowledge of the organism and better tools
Beer
Plant
Biotechnology
Plants
are crucial for
life
on
earth
They
supply
90%
of
human
calorie
intake
and
80%
of
the
protein
intake
(
t
he
remainder
coming
from
animal
products
)
To
face the current challenges
,
plant biotechnology uses several tools
Tools
of
Plant
Biotechnology
In vitro
culture
Genomic
analysis
Genome
manipulation
I
n vitro
culture
Plant
cells
have
totipotency
Potential of a
cell to differentiate
into an unlimited number of specialized cell
types
In vitro
culture uses controlled conditions (light and temperature,
culture
media, in containment)
Biotechnological
production
of
plant
material
Genomic
analysis
S
equencing
of
the
human
genome
=>
=>
detection
of
some
diseases
Several
plants
already
have
their
genome
sequenced
Helps identifying traits
of interest
in each individual (
eg
.
:
resistance to pests and diseases, improved nutritional value, increased post-harvest value…)
Genome sequencing
Genome
manipulation
-
Agrobacterium
Agrobacterium
tumefaciens
is
a
soil
bacterium
, “
cousin
”
of
Rhizobium
(
which
is
able
to
fix
atmospheric
N
2
)
Other
techniques
avoiding
the
use
of
the
biological
vector
Agrobacterium
are
also
effective
(
eg
.:
biolistics
,
or
direct
gene
transfer
)
Agrobacterium
provides
new tools to obtain plants with higher
productivity
, disease resistance, or tolerance to environmental stress
i
n
Curr
Pharm
Biotechnol
.
2015;16
(11):1002
-2011
.
R
esearch
d
elivers
b
iotech
s
olutions
Virus
r
esistant
p
apaya
Drought-tolerant
m
aize
Gluten-free
w
heat
Bananas
enriched
in
vitamin
A
Golden
rice
(
enriched
in
b
-
carotene
)